Marketing analysis of Dior Essays

Marketing analysis of Dior Essays Marketing analysis of Dior Paper Marketing analysis of Dior Paper Essay Topic: Marketing Push Precious 1.0 Introduction The benchmark of human appeal always increases for both man and woman. From the era of shabby clothes to noble fashion, from de-emphases to emphasis skin care and toilette. Those of the changes label human civilization. Nowadays, the standard of toilette and fashion are very demanding. It is difficult for substantial fashion enterprises to maintain its market. However, Dior can achieve it. What is the market position of Dior? How Dior makes the business and keeps its stable. 2.0 Background Christian Dior was born in Normandy, France in 1905, and channeled his love for art by opening an art gallery. In 1938, he entered the fashion world as a designer for Robert Piquet. After serving in World War II, Dior returned to Paris and had a very successful collaboration with Pierre Balmain at Lucien Lelong. With the help of Marcel Boussac, Dior was able to open his own fashion house in 1946. His opulent designs made him successful in the post-war era, and his brand quickly expanded into furs, perfumes and accessories. In 1957, Dior suddenly died and Yves Saint Laurent became the head designer. Since Saint Laurent, other well-known designers at this fashion house include Marc Bohan, Gianfranco and. John Galliano. 3.0 Marketing Environment 3.1 Marco Environment * Political Factor Dior is a French brand, which is very elegant. French possess one complete legal and tax system. Actually, French government carries out free market policy, so it provides a free and substantial development space for Dior. Moreover, French has a trading agreement with EU that helps Dior successfully sell products and promotion to other Europe countries. Cite as (Louis E. Boone David L. Kurtz 2006) * Economic Factor In French economy, it cant fully prosperous. For example, GDP is not growing significantly and there is remarkable unemployment rate. It will seriously affect Dior policy implementation. For instance when employment level is down, Dior cant employ enough staff for developing. On the other hand, after American second grade mortgage problem, it leads Europe Central Bank to fix interest rate. It definitely helps Dior to reduce loan interest burden, then, exchange rate between EU and US have difference. It also helps Dior invest efficiently and effectively. Cite as (Louis E. Boone David L. Kurtz 2006) * Social Factor In view of social factor, Dior face keen challenges. Nowadays, there is unbalance distribution of wealth in the world. It affects Dior to expand its market, as consumer cant afford price. Income recourse just comes from some people. It makes Dior development style narrow. Luckily, Dior can take advantage of society since Education level increases. That makes living condition and lifestyle is noble. It generates a lot of tasteful buyers for buying Diors products. * Technological Factor Nowadays, information technology changes day by day. Dior catches these characteristics, so it establishes official website which can communicate and realize the customers need. 3.2 Micro Environment * Competitive In the global market, Dior face many competitions. Locally, there are L.V, agnes b etc. In Europe, there are Burberry Gucci etc. They are also substantial fashion enterprises producing similar product, which can replace of Dior. 3.3 Internal Environment * Function Department Dior is successful tin the market. It not only possesses excellent design, it also relies on top management team who decide the direction of company. Moreover, Dior is cosmopolitan brand. There are many adherents, investors and bank supporting Dior financial and development. It brings comparative advantage to Dior which use for generating own manufacturing team in China. Because of own manufacturing team absolutely maintains product quality as well as reduces production cost. In addition, Dior can use this financial advantage dividing market segmentation, as they input more recourse for research and analysis. It makes the market segmentation be more efficient and effective. 4.0 SWOT analysis 4.1 Strength * Strong brand name Dior is a cosmopolitan brand. To consumers point of view, Diors products are elegant noble and tasteful why a majority of consumers have this perspective? It is because Dior creates an unique style of its fashion. Those fashions are in quality since they put more effort and attention to every step. From design to production. Dior doesnt discharge its duties carelessly, but it establishes its brand to be known widely. The strong brand name can help Dior increase market status. Main competitors of Dior * Good Designer and management Dior employs a lot of famous designers, such as John Galliano. He is a creative and initiative designer. John Galliano holds all of the fashion shows, which are dumfounded and praised by audiences. Undoubtedly, designers are important assets of Dior. In addition, Dior also possesses an excellent management team. They create a ambitions direction for Dior. The successful position of Dior depends on those designers and management. Dior Designer: John Galliano Dior Director: Bernard Arnauult * Financial Support Dior is the famous brand, so a majority of investors and bankers trust Dior. They are willing to provide capital for Dior to expand its business since Dior not only is a cosmopolitan brand, but also potential and profitable enterprises. It attracts investor, potential investor and bankers to support Dior financially. 4.2 Weaknesses * Employment Problem Dior is the substantial listed company. It must possess staff in a great quantity. It is not easy to control too much staff effectively. Dior may face some employment problem, such as human recourse mismatch, staff discipline and salaries distribution. Those problems will directly affect Dior competitors. * Unsatisfied with some type of consumer Although Dior products are good. It only serves particular buyers. Dior neglects some markets such as obese buyers and old buyers. According to research, obese guys quickly increases, if Dior gives up this market, it will make loss. 4.3 Opportunity * Takeover Armani Armani is also international brand. The director of Armani decides to retire few years later. Dior can takeover Armani, so that it can create synergy and increase reputation. Dior can press down product and advertisement cost by synergy and develop various styles, since the style of Dior and Armani have divergence. It makes a different product line to maximize profit. Armani Director: Giogio Armani * Cooperation with other company Dior can cooperate with other companies to expand the market, such as crossover with mobile or furniture producer. Some fashion enterprises have tried before. For example PARDA mix up with Korea mobile producer LG to develop a smart phone. It makes PARDA reputation and market shares grow. Dior can select mobile producer, such as NOKIA helping develop one dignitary and functional mobile. It must increase Dior reputation and market shares. PARDA x LG smart phone * Establish new product line for other style The fashion style of Dior only fits some particular targets. The market shares will be narrow, since some of the fashion brands will snatch a part of market shares. Then, Dior should create another style and build specific product line. For example, leisure wearing and formal dressing. In order to ensure market position, Dior must seriously consider. 4.4 Threat * Competitors Although Dior is one of the cosmopolitan brands, there are semiprecious level competitors to challenge Dior current position, such as L.V, Gucci, and Burberry. They also possess reputation and profitability. Those brands products can directly affect Dior turnover sales, so Dior must draw attention with those brands. * Global economic trend In 2006, strong consumption pushed up American economy. It indirectly pushes up global economy. Dior turnover sales obviously increase. However, since March 2007, the risk of American second mortgage has started up until now. The global economy burden a risk consumers purchasing power decrease remarkably. It seriously affects Dior because it is a luxury products producer. In attempt to obviate economic crisis, Dior must adjust the selling strategy and cost control. * Designer stay or resign Designers are the important assets of Fashion Company. It is not easy to find or train potential designer because top designer stay behind another brand, even though there is a contract to restrict them. Dior must put more resources to protect designer team in order to keep the image and remain attraction. 5.0 Market Segmentation It relates to segmentation base and profile. There are three major market segmentation including Demographic, Psychographic and Behavioral. 5.1 Segmentation Base * Demographic Base Sex-Christian Dior is designed for Lady. It includes fashion, accessories, skin care and cosmetics. -Dior Homme is Man product line. Income-Dior is luxury product producer, so the price of product set on high price. Dior expects the consumer to earn ranking form $20,000 to $45,000 per month. Occupation- Dior expects consumer who are profession or management level. It is because this occupation species can earn relatively high salaries, so the price of Dior products can be accepted. Social class-Dior expects consumer to be upper middle or above classes, as Dior run noble direction. It can match Dior image The above variables provide an objective factual and descriptive base for categorizing consumer, so that Dior can find consumer direction. Cite as (David. W. Cravens Nigel. F. Piercy 2003) * Psychographic base Lifestyle-Tasteful consumers are the targets of Dior, since the product design is mainly suitable for this type of consumer. This type of variable provides a subjective, interpretative and explanatory base for categorizing consumer. Although this base cant offer too much variable for Dior, it let Dior know unique style is their main weapon. * Behavioral base Benefit sought- Dior knows customer focusing on product quality and sale service. Loyalty status- The consumers may have medium faith of Dior product. The above variables make Dior know who will use product, so that Dior can mainly focus on this type of consumers. Cite as (Joshua Grossnickle Oliver Raskin 2001) 5.2 Market Targeting * General Criteria The market segments of Dior are tasteful people who are professional, manager or rich people. In fact, the size of this market is quite large. Then, a potential growth is concealed in this market, since the social unceasing evolution. People receive higher level and living standard also inevitable. They need to identify their position. Luxuries are their first choice. There are many competitors existing nearby Dior, such as L.V, Gucci. They have the same market was approached by those competitors of Dior. However, this market structure is complex. They have the same market and those products can be substitutes. For example Dior cosmetic, Gucci cosmetic, However, this market structure has one advantage. It is difficult for other new competitors to enter the field as Dior and other competitors win the fame for long time, financial background is also reliable. * Specific Criteria In fact, Dior customer base isnt sufficient. Although Dior utilizes much resource to constitute the customer base, there are too much competitors to struggle for the same market. It is difficult for Dior to break through the siege. It is not easy to provide meaningful marketing mix strategy that can satisfy with consumers, Nevertheless, Dior can achieve by its strong brand and successful segmentation. Dior segments can be measured in term of monitoring the effect of market mix strategy. * Target Strategy of Dior Dior carries out Differentiated target and Niche, as Dior serves not only one segment. Different segment will have different marketing mix strategy to fit the consumer need. Moreover, Dior also focuses some specialized sub-segment. Special product is produced by Dior to satisfy this small group. 5.3 Market Positioning Dior marketing mix strategy distinguishes consumers point of view. * Product Attributes Dior product is elegant. It is a luxury for people. * Usage Occasion Consumers not always purchase Dior product. It is not necessary for them to buy every day or week. They may purchase Dior product once or twice a year. * Against from competitors Dior market segment is steadily increasing and the competitors sales also dont fluctuate. Dior stays at a safe place. * Product Categories 1. Dior Homme- man fashion 2. Christian Dior- Lady fashion 3. Dior Lady accessories, skin care and cosmetics 2.Christian Dior 3. Dior Lady Wearing Cosmetics Dior marketing mix strategy owns competitive advantage for below areas: * Product Differentiation Although Gucci, L.V are very famous brands, their products are already commonplace which nothing special, Nonetheless, Dior product can bring fresh and unique excitement to consumers. * Image Differentiation C.D is the logo of Dior. It is well-know brand for every one. It is like people see M as they will think of McDonald. 6.0 Analysis of 4ps * Product Dior product divides into few types. As for man causal wear is Dior Homme. For Lady wear is Christian Dior, for cosmetics and skin care is Dior, which has stricted quality control. There is no excuse for Dior to produce flawed product. Dior has strong brand supported by long in time history. A lot of customers hold favorable attitude towards a brands, so Dior product can attract faithful adherent. * Price Dior products are luxuries .the price is also costly. Although the price of Dior product is expensive, it doesnt affect the demand of this luxury. The price setting relates to s few aspects. First, it is a must to consider competitor price such as L.V Gucci. Second, products quality, warranty, image are crucial. Then reputation value, Dior can consider to decrease price, which can probably increase market shares. * Promotion In fact, Dior does not have too much promotion. It just promotes the product through newspapers, website and some specific magazines, since a vast of people already know Dior. If Dior can remain more budgets for promotion. The reputation of Dior must rise. Dior can consider which type of advertising is the most effective for them. It is acceptable to adopt T.V, Huge advertising board. * Place In HK, Dior shops are located in famous shopping mall and popular place such as Habour City. It is not only conformable, but also convenient for consumers. In order to take the advantage of concentration, Dior should establish more shops in famous area. 7.0 Recommendation From my point of view, I suggest Dior keep noble image and put more resources into promotion such as sponsor famous football team, green campaigns, so Dior can establish a health and active image. On the other hand, Dior should search another source of consumers in order to increase market share. Because of luxury clients source are too narrow. It is necessary for Dior finding another segment.

Famous Latin Americans in History

Famous Latin Americans in History The history of Latin America is packed full of influential people: dictators and statesmen, rebels and reformers, artists and entertainers. How to pick the ten most important? My criteria for compiling this list were that the person had to have made an important difference in his or her world, and had to have international importance. My ten most important, listed chronologically, are: Bartolomà © de Las Casas  (1484–1566) Although not actually born in Latin America, there can be no doubt about where his heart was. This Dominican friar fought for freedom and native rights in the early days of conquest and colonization, placing himself squarely in the way of those who would exploit and abuse the natives. If not for him, the horrors of the conquest would have been immeasurably worse.Simà ³n Bolà ­var  (1783–1830) The George Washington of South America led the way to freedom for millions of South Americans. His great charisma combined with military acumen made him the greatest of the different leaders of the Latin American Independence movement. He is responsible for the liberation of the present-day nations of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.Diego Rivera (1886–1957) Diego Rivera may not have been the only Mexican muralist, but he was certainly the most famous. Together with David Alfaro Siquieros and Josà © Clemente Orozco , they brought art out of the museums and into the streets, inviting international controversy at every turn. Augusto Pinochet  (1915–2006) Chiles dictator between 1974 and 1990, Pinochet was one of the leading figures in Operation Condor, an effort to intimidate and murder leftist opposition leaders. Operation Condor was a joint effort among Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Brazil, all with the support of the United States Government.Fidel Castro  (1926–2016) The fiery revolutionary turned irascible statesman has had a profound effect on world politics for fifty years. A thorn in the side of American leaders since the Eisenhower administration, he has been a beacon of resistance for anti-imperialists.Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os (Chespirito, el Chavo del 8) (1929–2014) Not every Latin American youll ever meet will recognize the name Roberto Gà ³mez Bolaà ±os, but everyone from Mexico to Argentina will know el Chavo del 8, the fictional eight-year-old boy portrayed by Gà ³mez (whose stage name is Chespirito) for decades. Chespirito has worked in Tel evision for over 40 years, creating iconic series such as El Chavo del 8 and el Chapulà ­n Colorado (The Red Grasshopper).​ Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez (1927–2014) Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez did not invent Magical realism, that most Latin American of literary genres, but he perfected it. The winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature is Latin Americas most celebrated writer, and his works have been translated into dozens of languages and have sold millions of copies.Edison Arantes do Nascimento Pelà © (1940–) Brazils favorite son and arguably the best soccer player of all time, Pelà © later became famous for his tireless work on behalf of Brazils poor and downtrodden and as an ambassador for soccer. The universal admiration in which Brazilians hold him has also contributed to a decrease in racism in his home country.Pablo Escobar (1949–1993) The legendary drug lord of Medellà ­n, Colombia, was once considered by Forbes Magazine to be the seventh-richest man in the world. At the height of his power, he was the most powerful man in Colombia and his drug empire stretched around the worl d. In his rise to power, he was greatly aided by the support of Colombias poor, who viewed him as a sort of Robin Hood. Rigoberta Menchà º (1959–) A native of the rural province of Quichà ©, Guatemala, Rigoberta Menchà º and her family were involved in the bitter struggle for indigenous rights. She rose to prominence in 1982 when her autobiography was ghost-written by Elizabeth Burgos. Menchà º turned the resulting international attention into a platform for activism, and she was awarded the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize. She continues to be a world leader in native rights.

Crisis Management and the Aaron Hernandez Saga Research Paper

Crisis Management and the Aaron Hernandez Saga - Research Paper Example he murder cases surrounding Aaron Hernandez have led to great damages not only to the image of Aaron Hernandez himself, but also the people and organizations with which Aaron Hernandez was associated. This paper discusses and analyses the Aaron Hernandez saga and the endeavors made by different stakeholders in the handling and management of the negativity brought about by the Aaron Hernandez crisis. Aaron Hernandez saga, even though with a very unclear origin, can be traced right from the childhood that Hernandez had to bear. As is common with most people, the environment to a huge extent dictates the personalities of individuals. Aaron Hernandez was brought up in a loving family. Aaron Hernandez loved, trusted and really had a strong belief in the principles of the parents. The trust Aaron Hernandez had on his father had positive consequences as well as negative consequences on him (Aaron Hernandez) all in equal measure (The University of Liverpool, 2014). Positively, Aaron Hernandez’s father played a huge role in bringing up Aaron Hernandez as a very responsible and a self-motivated individual (The University of Liverpool, 2014). Being responsible in Aaron Hernandez is evidenced when he decided to pick up a career in professional football. Aaron Hernandez is seen as a successful player with attractive records in the NFL, some of which: playing in the super-bowls and in the top-flight tight end. Negatively however, Dennis Hernandez (Aaron Hernandez’s father) had rogue characteristics such as frequently being convicted of assault. From this study, it can be argued that Aaron Hernandez inherited the â€Å"genes of crime† from his father (The Courant, 2014). Being a football player, Aaron Hernandez is prone to crime. American football is a game characterized with hard tackles let alone the physical demands the players have to go through before they qualify as professionals (The Courant, 2014). A huge number of players in the NFL are also drug users, which

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

Nursing research - Essay Example The third thing that I have learned in this course is the approaches of improving HCAHPS scores in an organization. In line with this, I will use this lesson in my workplace to ensure that my facility improved its scores. On the other hand, another thing that I have learned is the development of an action aid plan that aimed at achieving the objective of raising the HCAHPS scores. In line with this, I am going to design an action aid plan and inculcate all the elements such as the objectives, processes that should be addressed, the timeline of implementation, cost-benefit ratio, and the financial implications of the action aid plan on the organization and patients. Finally, I have learned about the important role played by the aspects of monitoring and evaluation of a program its implementation my workplace. In line with this, I will ensure that I monitored and evaluated a program during its implementation stage in order to take corrective measures or make decisions regarding the fut ure of the

Marie Antoinette Essay Example for Free

Marie Antoinette Essay Arias Alma Aguilar Political Science 101 24 September 2012 Marie Antoinette Let them eat cake is probably one of the most recited quotes around the world, which is known to be spoken by the last Queen of France, Marie Antoinette. Although often reffered to as The Party Queen or in other words, the Queen who danced while her people starved. But what many fail to recognize is the fact that Marie Antoinette was the Queen who cared for her people. The only think she cared for more than the welfare of her people, was the welfare of her children. In order for one to understand and have the ability to fully understand the French Revolution, and Monarchy, one must go back and analyze Marie Antoinettes personal background, her political contributions and achievements, and her political influences. Personal Background Marie Antoinette (Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria) was born in Vienna, Austria on November 2nd, 1755. She was the fifteenth child, and eleventh (and last) daughter of the Emperor Francis 1st of Lorraine and Maria Theresa of Austria, at the head of the Habsburg dynasty(Moore 3). Francis 1st died in August 1765, leaving his wife and his elder son to co-rule his empire. To promote diplomatic relationships with France, Marie Antoinette was asked to marry Louis Auguste, the Dauphin of France (Campan 3). With the conclusion of the Seven Years War in 1763, an alliance between Austria and France became a priority for Empress Maria Theresa; cementing alliances through matrimonial connections was a common practice among European royal families at the time. In 1765, the son of French Emperor Louis XV, Louis Ferdinand, died, leaving his 11-year-old grandson Louis Auguste heir to the French throne. Within months, Marie Antoinette and Louis Auguste were pledged to marry each other. A child of only 14 years, delicately beautiful with gray-blue eyes and ash-blonde hair, in May 1770, Marie Antoinette set out for France to be married, escorted by 57 carriages, 117 footmen and 376 horses. On May 16, 1770, Marie Antoinette and Louis Auguste were married. (Campan 6) Louis XV passed away in 1774, and Louis Auguste succeeded him to the French throne as Louis XVI, making Marie Antoinette, at 19 years old, Queen of France(Barker 9). However, as personalities went Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette could not have been more different. He was introverted, shy and indecisive, a lover of solitary pleasures such as reading and metalwork. She was vivacious,outgoing and bold, a social butterfly who loved gambling, partying and extravagant fashions. Political Influences and Development Though many have argued that Marie Antoinette did not have any political development or influences, due to her social and eccentric ways, Marie always referred to someone in her life as the main source of admiration. Her Mother, Queen Maria Theresa, Marie often spoke of her with profound respect, but she based all her schemes for the education of her children on the essentials which had been neglected in her own(Barker 9). Maria Theresa, often was inspired awe by her great qualities, taught the Archduchesses to fear and respect rather than to love her. The Empress was too much taken up with high political interests to have it in her power to d evote herself to maternal attentions. (Campan 8) The queens influence on domestic policy before 1789 has also been exaggerated. Her interference in politics was usually in order to obtain jobs and money for her friends. It is true, however, that she usually opposed the efforts of reforming ministers such as A. R. J. Turgot (1727–1781) and became involved in court scandals against them. ( Moore 12 ) Activities such as the diamond necklace affair, where the queen was accused of having an improper relationship with a wealthy church official in exchange for an expensive necklace, increased her unpopularity and led to a stream of pamphlets and articles against her(Barker 11). The fact that after the birth of her children Marie Antoinettes way of life became more restrained did not alter the popular image of an immoral and extravagant woman. As soon as the arrival of a stranger of rank at Vienna was made known, the Empress brought her family about her, admitted them to her table, and by this concerted meeting induced a belief that she herself presided over the education of her children. Contributions and Writtings From the beginning of the revolution, Marie Antoinette and Louis had hopes for a compromise: in other words, a constitution that would include the monarchy. Trying to re-establish normalcy, Marie Antoinette continued her generous patronage of the poor children of Paris. At the fireworks celebrating the marriage of the young prince and princess in May 1774, there was a stampede in which many people were killed. Louis and Antoinette gave all of their private spending money for a year to relieve the suffering of the victims and their families. (Campan 2)Marie-Antoinettes reputation for sweetness and mercy became even more entrenched in 1774, when as the new Queen she asked that the people be relieved of a tax called The Queens belt, customary at the beginning of each reign. Belts are no longer worn, she said. She also spent as much time as possible with her own children, particularly the dauphin. (Moore, 8). Much of the writings Marie wrote was her diary which is filled with a young gir ls feelings about her arranged marriage. She describes a French Court dominated by intricate rules of etiquette and protocol and excessive attention to fashion and grooming. In her last letter, Marie-Antoinette wrote to her sister-in-law Madame Elisabeth: Happiness is doubled when shared with a friend†¦. † ( Campan 4 )In those words are contained the value she placed on friendship to her happiness. The queen had a great capacity for friendship, although she was not always smart in her choice of companions. Conclusion The story of revolution and resistance in 18th-century France is a complicated one, and no two historians tell the story the same way. However, it is clear that for the revolutionaries, Marie Antoinette’s significance was mainly, powerfully symbolic. She and the people around her seemed to represent everything that was wrong with the monarchy and the Second Estate: They appeared to be tone-deaf, out of touch, disloyal (along with her allegedly treasonous behavior, writers and pamphleteers frequently accused the queen of adultery) and self-interested( Moore 17 ). What Marie Antoinette was actually like was beside the point; the image of the queen was far more influential than the woman herself. Marie Antoinette was the Austrian born child bride of the future King Louis XVI of France. It was an arranged marriage designed to (hopefully) create a better relationship between the two countries which was a common practice by the Monarchy to reduce conflicts and warfare between Nations(Campan 7). The French people resented the Austrian Queen and she was the subject of numerous rumors that she had been planted in Fran ce as a spy, was a spendthrift, was cold, cruel, evil, mean and any number of other charges. In truth, she was a well educated woman with excellent regal poise, she was a well qualified linguist, played the Harp with great versatility, was an accomplished equestrian and was considered to be an excellent mother to her four children. She was put to death during the French Revolution at the age of 37 on 16 October 1793. (Marie Antoinette Biography 3) Marie Antoinette was a symbol of goodness and of everything that was right with the French monarchy. Also as queen, she made many changes that affected Frances system of government and law. Marie had abolished the law of segregated dining spaces, as she felt it was wrong. She had gained popularity with people of France at first with her generosity as she continuosly gave to the poor of Paris. After the Revolution, Marie faced the women who stormed Versailles and when her family and her were forced to live in Paris as prisoners she never lost hope that she would find a way to get out and hold her familys reputation as well as her political career; Even after the Republic was proclaimed in 1792, and her husband was executed. (Barker 5) Despite the tragic outcome of Marie Antoinettes life, she never blamed her people. She remained a devoted mother and wife, although her life as the Queen of France ended in a moments notice. Although many through time have viewed her as a shallow, weak and a self- indulgent person. But through recent years many historians have concluded the opposite; seen more as a lively, misunderstood, and compassionate character. She was a devoted mothe r,making sure her children were well educated, and cherished. And even when she knew her life was coming to an end, she made sure her children were in safe hands. And as Queen, she wanted the best for her people, giving generous donations and contributions to the minority. Marie Antoinette as a person and a friend was quite possibly one of her best traits, marked through history. The Political side of her and her family status was the main source of The French Revolution. She was proud to be french, but in the end all the hopes she had for her country demolished right before her eyes. But as terrible as she might be portrayed in your history books. Marie Antoinette will always be the last Queen France ever had. Bibliography Barker, Nancy. Let Them Eat Cake: The Mythical Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. Historian (Summer 1993): 709-25. Madame Campan. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette. N. p. : Barker, n. d. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette. Web. 01 Sept. 2012. . Marie Antoinette Biography. Marie Antoinette Biography. N. p. , 01 July 2012. Web. 25 Aug. 2012. . Moore, Marianne. Marie Antoinette. New World Encyclopedia. N. p. , 03 Apr. 2007. Web. 01 Sept. 2012. .

Cellulite Essay -- Health Fat Diet Essays

Cellulite In society today it seems the goal of many Americans is to be thin. In their hope of achieving this so-called perfection, it means taking extreme measures to get there. A common complaint of most women in their quest for thinness is trying to combat cellulite, a word that makes them cringe. It seems to plague women (rarely ever effecting men) of all shapes and sizes and usually resides in the hips, thighs and buttocks regions, and sometimes even the triceps and lower abdomen areas. By common definition, "cellulite is lumpy unevenly distributed bulges of fatty tissue which often have a cottage cheese consistency. It is composed of gel-like lumps of water, fat and residues of toxic substances that should have been eliminated from the body." (http://www.beautiful-body.com/) So in other words, cellulite is the way in which fat is arranged underneath the skin. Its lumpy appearance is due to fatty tissue trapped in spaces between connective tissues called septa. The amount of cellulite an individual has is mostly due to genetic composition. Cellulite is extremely difficult to get rid of because it is caused by excess fat whose surrounding net-like fibers are very weak. This causes the fat to bulge in between the fibers and under the skins surface, making it a multi-faceted problem. During the 90's new revolutionary treatments for cellulite are invented every day. Because cellulite is so difficult to lose, women are willing to try almost any solution even if it sounds ridiculous. Today the methods are endless, beginning with unbelievable thigh creams that claim to reduce the size of your thighs. Next, salons are performing cellulite massages and using body wraps to change the appearance of cellulite. Liposuction and ... ...nd exercise regimen, that includes the combination of an aerobic, anaerobic, and nutritional combination. Many of these other miracle treatments are still in their preliminary stages of testing, and it is not proven whether any of them are really safe or effective. Even though the public is desperate to be cellulite-free, the quest to battle the dimple is not considered to be a medical problem; therefore, there is little research done to assist the public in finding the most accurate information. In reality I think the public already knows that a dream cream or a leg massage sounds too good to be true, and it is. After all the websites I found with miracle cures for cellulite, hopefully someone will read this and not waste their time or money finding a silly solution. Diet, exercise, and drink water regularly, and do the best you can with your inherited genes!

Technical communication in english

Ping Dunn Technical Communication – definition ETC is the theory and practice of effective info exchange at work- working communication ETC is a sub-discipline of communication studies (CSS) that deal with the processes of transmitting or exchanging info other sub-dish. Mass communication, mass media com, business com, health com, etc. ETC Is more general In theory than other sub-disciplines of CSS mass, health and business com deal with only one profession ETC is widely applied to the com. Activities In many professions except literature The reminisces and skills of ETC Is also applicable In other languages, not only English The purposes: 2 major – to inform- enables audience to understand info -to persuade – to convince audience to accept Idea ETC is not for the purpose to appreciate art or literature or drama What is effective communication? II. Features of modern communication Our age is the age of info. No technology – no work, life.Typical features o f MS – we have too much Info to deal with – we have to handle multidisciplinary info that we do not understand We cannot hanged the features in modern communication But we can change out language to make it work for us. We can make It simpler and easier. How to improve our language for effective communication? Ill. Pragmatic rules In ETC Deft: Rules of Language in use concerning the application of language audiences – in specific contexts – for particular purposes These rules work In specific conditions – to intend Rule 1: Follow the time order in process description: what happens first, comes first. OFF There exist different pragmatic rules of language in specific contexts. Sentences of he same meaning but different structures may affect the efficiency of communication. The objective of ETC is to put the pragmatic rules into practice so as to increase the efficiency of communication at work. IV. Three Essential Criteria of ETC 1. Comprehensibility 2. Usability 3. Accessibility 1 .Comprehensibility (easy to understand) Expressing info so the audience can understand it quickly and accurately English thinking process is lenient – like a line – easier to understand the Active better than the Passive Passive voice slows down thinking process and decreases efficiency Rule 1: Avoid using passive voice whenever possible Rule 2: Avoid using the â€Å"weak-verb + multinational† structure Rule 3: Avoid using noun-string pre-modifiers To increase comprehensibility of info you should learn technical rhetoric in writing. . Usability (Easy to use) Definition: Expressing your idea in a way that the audience can follow it to complete the task. Readers of MAT fall into three categories – professionals of the discipline – professionals of related disciplines – general readers or average people Technical writing is a writer-responsible writing It is the writers' responsibility to make their writing easy for all readers to use.To make your writing useful to the reader, you should conduct audience analysis: audience's education: write according to the lowest level education of your predicted audience; professional experience, cultural background, emotion and motivation: be reader-friendly, know your audience 3. Acceptability (Easy to find) Definition: Enabling your audience to find what they want quickly and accurately from large amounts of info. 1. A world-wall writing 2. A structured-writing or info-map

The Battle of the Little Bighorn

In 1861 the US government introduced the reservation solution. Plains Indians were to be moved to designated areas known as reservations. There they would receive payments from the government and be taught the ways of the white men. However the Indians who refused to surrender their lives and the Grace land that they and their brothers had lived upon, long before the white men's unexpected arrival, soon disrupted this plan. The breaking of the treaty, which prevented white settlers to settle upon their land, and also them passing through it, angered Red Cloud. There were many Sioux attacks on travellers. These attacks went on for many years, until 1866. The US army ignored their accusations and set up forts along the reservation, to prevent further attacks. Red Cloud in disgust attacked the army. The forts, which had been built upon the Bozeman trail, were soon under siege. The Sioux alone were not strong enough to capture the forts, which were equipped with weaponry the Plains Indians had rarely see before, Rifles. Red Cloud kept a force of several Sioux Bands and had also allied with the Arapaho and the Cheyenne. The incentive, of their livelihoods spurred them on. They fort for many months. Red Cloud also had the vision to try and persuade the Crow, traditional enemies of the Sioux, to fight with his people. Although this did not happen, Red Cloud and his people fought on. In 1868 the government admitted that the Indians could not be defeated militarily. So the Us government signed the treaty of Fort Laramie, which saw the creation of the great Sioux Reservation. No non-Indians were to set foot inside this reservation. As soon as the army had left, the forts were burnt to the Ground. It was the start of many years of peace for Red Cloud. However not all of his people agreed with the life that they had been hand fed. Red Clouds power decreased and the Sioux now looked towards the more militant leaders such as Sitting Bull and Red Cloud. However there were worse times to come for the people of the Sioux. The Peace Treaty could not be maintained forever, could it? In 1874 a man by the name of George Armstrong Custer led the seventh Cavalry to the Black Hills, to see whether the area held, the shiny stone that the White Men craved. In doing this he broke the Peace Treaty of Fort Laramie, which had been signed 6 years earlier. Custer had found Gold, hills full of it, ‘From the grassroots down'. This enticed thousands of miners, in search of happiness to the area. The army could not prevent this, and the government did not want to. The Sioux did. The inhabitants attacked many miners. The Government of the United States offered huge sums of money, per year, to the Sioux, in return for the rights to the Gold that they were obviously not using! But the Indians were not interested in round pieces of metal, that the white men exchanged and they were bot willing to give up the Birthplace of their people up easily. In December 1875 all Sioux were ordered to return to their disturbed reservation. The Indian numbers made this hard. There were reported to be 7000 Indians, amongst them Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull. Sitting Bull refused to agree to reservation life, and so many Sioux looked upon him as their new leader. February 1876 saw the army been ordered that any Indians that was not inside the reservation were to be treated as Hostile. This led to a three- pronged campaign, ordered by General Philip Sheridan. The campaign that followed led to the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Bighorn being the mountain ranges where the battle was to take place. And so George Armstrong Custer and his 7th Cavalry set out along with two other parties to force the Indians back to their reservations. Custer rode along the Rosebud River with the men he had been allocated by General Terry. Whilst riding into position, Custer spotted the Sioux village about 15 miles ahead. Custer contemplated attacking, ignoring the conversation he had had with General Terry earlier, Terry: â€Å"Don't be greedy, wait for us† Custer: â€Å"No, I won't Little did any of them know, that this would be one of the most controversial and misinterpreted conversations, ever made? Custer ignored Terry's orders and prepared to fight. He split his battalion up in three, and planned to send troops under Captain Frederick Benteen, who was ordered to prevent the Indian's usual tactic or escaping. Another group of men were given to Major Marcus Reno, who was to pursue the group. Custer hoped to attack the camp from the North and South Simultaneously. By looking at the tactics he pre-prepared, you would come to the conclusion that he was a very intelligent man, with a lot of experience and will power. However, he was soon to realise that these tactics were not properly thought out, in fact they were soon to be the biggest mistake of his life. A life that, would not see another battle, or another day. Custer had not used his Scouts well; he had barely used them at all. He had Indian Scouts from the enemy tribe of the Sioux, who could of told him a great deal about the strength of the Indian Camp he was preparing to attack, about the firepower of the Indians and the terrain that surrounded the camp. Custer sidelined the scouts, he was the man that ran the show, he knew everything, and he was the noble and brave war veteran. Well, at least this is what he had thought, and if truth were told, so did his men. They had not lost under Custer; he was a respected and experienced Indian fighter. He had never needed scouts before, why was this battle going to be any different? He needed Scouts, especially ones who could blend in, and this would be different. Little did George Armstrong Custer know that the Indian camp he was about to attack with only his battalion was three times his strength, containing not only Sioux, but also Cheyenne warriors. Custer' s plan was put into action: Reno's squadron of 175 soldiers attacked the northern end of the camp. Quickly finding themselves in a desperate battle with little hope of surviving, Reno halted his charging men before they could be trapped and killed, they fought for ten minutes in un-orderly state, hoping that it wasn't going to be their scalps upon the mass of tee-pees they saw before them. Reno withdrew his men into the woods that lined the river. When that position proved indefensible, they retreated uphill to the bluffs east of the river, pursued hotly by f Cheyenne and Sioux Warriors. Just as they finished driving the soldiers out, the Indians sighted roughly 200 of Custer's men coming towards them, through the tough terrain at the other end of the village. This then took the pressure off of Reno's men. Cheyenne and Hunk papa Sioux together crossed the river and locked horns with the advancing soldiers, forcing them back to a high ridge to the north. Meanwhile, another force, largely Oglala Sioux under the command of Crazy Horse, swiftly moved downstream and doubled back in a sweeping arc. This boxed the un-defeated men of the 7th cavalry enveloping Custer and his men in a pincer move. The Indians began pouring in gunfire and arrows. Gunfire came from Winchester repeating Rifles. Rifles that they traded with white men for fur. The exact rifle that Custer had ordered to be left behind, as this would hold his men up, in a battle where, he thought, guns were not necessary. Custer thought a lot of things would weigh him down. The gattling Guns, Sabres and extra troops for example. All because he thought they'd slow him down. But how much he would of wanted them despite their ‘weight', whilst surrounded by the ‘savages' he had promised to leave in peace. The peace was broken, and so was Custer's plan. As the Indians closed in, Custer ordered his men to shoot their horses and stack the carcasses to form a wall, but they provided little protection against bullets. In under an hour, Custer and his men were killed in the worst American military disaster ever. Proving that Custer was greedy and Custer didn't wait. There were many factors that led to the defeat of Custer. However by reading the facts about the war, above, you can see that Custer eyes were clouded over. An urgency to go down in American history as the noblest man, the greatest Indian slayer and most of all The President of the United States. A great Indian slayer should be able defeat a camp of Indians on his own? This was why George Custer did not use Scouts. Therefore he ran into a camp that was 3 or 4 times larger than he had first anticipated. So the men he obtained, of which he thought he had sufficient were out numbered 3 to 1. This obviously was a huge factor to why he and his men were slain. He did not expect to come across a camp of this size, let alone a camp that were equipped with a greater fire power than his squadron. This was another factor. Custer had not expected the Indians to have Guns as well as the knifes and bows and arrows they were expected to own. This meant Custer's men were facing 3 times as many warriors as he had, who were more equipped in the white mans fire arms than them. Having known this a war veteran would have surely come up with alternative tactics. So you see, lack of and misinterpreted information led to unsuitable tactics. It was like a chain of events. Lack of knowledge meant lack of weapons and firepower, which meant poor tactics. This lack of knowledge could have so easily been avoided, by sending out some of their many Indian Scouts. Who could have quite easily got an insight into the size and firepower that the rival Indians had. But Custer' eyes were clouded with greed, he needed no scouts. Custer definitely went down in history. He went down as the General who led his men into worst military disaster in American History. What happened to the Sioux after the battle? Although the Indians won the Battle of the Little Bighorn, it was not a major event in Sioux history. Knowing that there would be severe punishment for their victory, the Indians immediately split up and traveled on so that the U. S. Cavalry would have a difficult time trying to find them. Eventually, they would be forced to live on reservations as their land went into the hands of the U. S. government for mining and farming. Something the Indians did not do or intend on doing. They had fought hard in a losing battle. They had success in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, but had lost their way of life. Their victory attracted even more discrimination and racism and gave the white men an extra incentive to wipe out the Plains Indians altogether. They would now be forced to live as the white men, be taught to farm crops and live in captivity. Some Indians killed themselves rather than live a false life with their humiliated and half annihilated brothers. So the Battle of the Little Bighorn was not really a victory for the Indians. They had fought with their lives, and what had they won, a life of shame, cruelty and eventually death. The reward for their victory was nothing.

Definition and Example of a Markov Transition Matrix

Definition and Example of a Markov Transition Matrix A Markov transition matrix is a square matrix describing the probabilities of moving from one state to another in a dynamic system. In each row are the probabilities of moving from the state represented by that row, to the other states. Thus the rows of a Markov transition matrix each add to one. Sometimes such a matrix is denoted something like Q(x | x) which can be understood this way: that Q is a matrix, x is the existing state, x is a possible future state, and for any x and x in the model, the probability of going to x given that the existing state is x, are in Q. Terms Related to Markov Transition Matrix Markov ProcessMarkov StrategyMarkovs Inequality Resources on Markov Transition Matrix What is Econometrics?How to Do a Painless Econometrics ProjectEconometrics Term Paper Suggestions Writing a Term Paper or High School / College Essay? Here are a few starting points for research on Markov Transition Matrix: Journal Articles on Markov Transition Matrix Estimating the Second Largest Eigenvalue of a Markov Transition MatrixEstimating a Markov Transition Matrix from Observational DataConvergence across Chinese provinces: An analysis using Markov transition matrix

Essential Components of Guided Reading

Essential Components of Guided Reading There are three essential elements in Guided Reading, they are before reading, during reading, and after reading. Here we will take a look at teacher and student roles during each element, along with a few activities for each, as well compare the traditional reading group with a dynamic guided reading group. Element 1: Before Reading This when the teacher introduces the text and takes the opportunity to teach students before the reading begins. Teachers Role: To select an appropriate text for the group.Prepare an introduction to the story they are going to read.Briefly introduce the story to the students.To leave a few questions unanswered that can be answered throughout the story. Students Role: To engage in a conversion with the group about the story.Raise questions about the story to be read.Build expectations about the text.To notice information in the text. Activity to Try: Word Sort. Choose a few words from the text that may be difficult for students or words that tell what the story is about. Then have students sort the words into categories. Element 2: During Reading During this time when students are reading, the teacher provides any assistance that is needed, as well as records any observations. Teachers Role: Listen to the students while they read.Observe each readers behavior for strategy use.Interact with students and assist when needed.Observe and make notes about individual learners. Students Role: Read the text to themselves quietly or softly.To request help if needed. Activity to Try: Sticky Notes. During reading students write down anything that they want on the sticky notes. It can be something that interests them, a word that confuses them, or a question or comment they may have, anything at all. Then share them as a group after reading the story. Element 3: After Reading After reading the teacher talks with students about what they have just read and the strategies that they used, and leads students through a discussion about the book. Teachers Role: Talk about and discuss what was just read.Invite students to respond or add details.Return to the text for teaching opportunities such as to find answers to questions.Assess student understanding.Extend the text by providing activities such as writing or drawing. Students Role: Talk about what they just read.Check predictions and react to the story.Revisit the text to answer questions prompted by the teacher.Reread story with partner or group.Engage in additional activities to extend learning about the story. Activity to Try: Draw a Story Map. After reading, have students draw a story map of what the story was about. Traditional Versus Guided Reading Groups Here we will take a look at traditional reading groups versus dynamic guided reading groups. Heres how they compare: Traditional groups focus on the lesson, not the student - while guided reading focuses on the student, not the lesson which will actually help the student learn and comprehend the lesson plan quicker.Traditional is grouped by general determination of ability - while guided is grouped by specific assessment for strengths and appropriate level of the text.Traditional groups the teacher follows a prepared script - while in guided the teacher is actively engaged with the text and the students.Traditional reading groups focus on decoding words - whereas guided reading groups focus on understanding the meaning.In traditional reading groups, the words are taught and skills are practiced in workbooks - whereas in a guided reading group the teacher builds meaning and language and skills are incorporated into the reading, not with workbooks.Traditional reading groups students are tested on their skills - whereas in dynamic guided reading groups students assessment is ongoing and througho ut instruction. Looking for more reading strategies to incorporate into your classroom? Check out our article on 10 reading strategies and activities for elementary students.

Brand and its audience and the proposal and justification of a set of Essay

Brand and its audience and the proposal and justification of a set of marketing communications to enhance the brands equity with its target publics - Essay Example Tiger Beers global flavor pleases their palate. Majority of the Tiger Beer market is composed of the younger age brackets representing a potential increase in demand in the future. This market segment holds 35 percent of the UK population (National Statistics, 2009). The taste preference of UK people is also a consideration for Tiger Beer. The crisp, sweet beer offered is especially catered to the UK taste. More choices in terms of flavor offerings is now the name of the game with UK taste buds becoming harder to please and more fickle. The bulk of customers who purchase Tiger Beer, come from the class C socio-economic level, who are composed of lower C or middle income earners. Even in bars that are in high-end market locations, the bulk of customers drinking Tiger Beer are people of average income who are looking for a different taste away from the usual Carlsberg or Heineken. Employees and blue collar workers treat themselves to Tiger Beer because of its relatively affordable price, distinct taste, and colourful design. Furthermore, UK people love to drink and since are they are naturally collectivistic and fond of group gatherings, beer is their means of getting together to talk and mingle with others. In fact, beer has been one of the bases of the UK men’s social life (Tai, 2008). Brand Positioning can be defined as the particular position in which the brand defines itself as capturing in the competitive field (Kotler, 2004). Positioning refers to differentiating brand attributes, consumer benefits and target segments, individually or collectively. With regard to Tiger beer, the beer market that Tiger beer is positioned towards can be defined by its appeal to a specific market segment, its unique taste and lower price. Tiger Beer has been very profitable in the UK, because the brand has employed the British appeal for the exciting and unusual to its advantage.

Minerals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minerals - Essay Example This paper describes the classifications of minerals. Minerals can be classified according to various physical characteristics such as hardness, luster, and even their color. They can also be classified by their chemical and reaction properties. These properties can help identify unknown minerals, as well as identifying the minerals in the composition of an unknown rock. All of these characteristics are used in the helping of classifying and organizing the wide array of different and unique rocks and minerals that are found above, below, and hidden throughout the physical boundaries of planet Earth. To be truly classified as a mineral, the substance must be a â€Å"solid and have a crystal structure. It must also be an inorganic, naturally-occurring, homogeneous substance with a defined chemical composition†. A crystal structure is a specific arrangement of atoms inside the mineral. Crystal structures can be seen using X-rays if the mineral composition is too small. There are over 4,000 different types of minerals, of these 150 called "common," 50 are "occasional," and the rest are "rare" to "extremely rare". The first physical classification of minerals is the factor of crystal structure. A mineral may have a small or large crystal structure, and the size, shape, and grain type of the crystal all can help classify the mineral. The second physical classification is the hardness of the mineral. With a diamond being the hardest mineral, and talc being the softness, a scale is used to determine where a mineral’s hardness lies.